Florida adoption laws lawyers in largo fl
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Recently, the Wall Street Journal had an article provocatively titled, Rooms With a Bubble View: Condo-Hotel Buyers See Investments Sour as the Market Weakens. The article characterizes condo-hotels as “one of the most dangerous investments of them all,” and then briefly discusses some of the lawsuits being brought against condo hotel developers in places like Las Vegas, Singer Island and Clearwater. The basis for all of these lawsuits is that the properties were marketed in such a way as to qualify as “securities” under federal and/or state law, but were not registered as a securities offering, thus entitling the buyers to a refund of their deposits. If the allegations can be proven, then the remedy is potent indeed: as one attorney quoted in the Wall Street Journal article accurately states, “The rights of recovery are so much better if you can say it is a security.”
It is correct to hone in on securities laws as a potentially powerful weapon for purchasers of condo-hotels to seek rescission of their purchase agreements. To a significant extent, however, the course that condo-hotel litigation will take – and how such cases will be viewed and ruled upon by courts – is difficult to predict. Case law addressing the issue of the conditions under which a condo-hotel constitutes an offering of securities and should be registered as such is thin — in fact, non-existent, for all intents and purposes. The most important guidance comes from a 1973 Release from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) entitled Guidelines as to the Applicability of the Federal Securities Laws to Offers and Sales of Condominiums or Units in a Real Estate Development (SEC Release No. 33-5347).
The Release sets forth three broad factors, the presence of any one of which could render a condo-hotel as a securities offering, thus triggering the right of a buyer to seek rescission under securities law. These factors are:
1. The condominiums, with any rental arrangement or other similar service, are offered and sold with emphasis on the economic benefits to the purchaser to be derived from the managerial efforts of the promoter, or a third party designated or arranged for by the promoter, from rental of the units.
2. The offering of participation in a rental pool arrangement; and
3. The offering of a rental or similar arrangement whereby the purchaser must hold his unit available for rental for any part of the year, must use an exclusive rental agent or is otherwise materially restricted in his occupancy or rental of his unit.
The Release itself contains some, but not a great deal of, elaboration concerning what these three factors mean in practice. For example, a rental pool is defined as a rental system whereby “[t]he rents received and the expenses attributable to rental of all the units in the project are combined and the individual owner receives a ratable share of the rental proceeds regardless of whether his individual unit was actually rented.” For more helpful detail, however, one must turn to the SEC “No-Action Letters” on the subject of what constitutes a security for regulatory purposes. No-Action Letters are prepared by the SEC in response to formal requests from entities asking whether a given set of facts would trigger enforcement action by the agency.
The SECs position (i.e., whether or not it would recommend an enforcement action with respect to the preferred facts) is only binding as to the specific inquiry before it. While No-Action Letters provide some guidance on how a court might rule if faced with similar or even identical issues, it is important to bear in mind that the SECs stated position as to a given set of facts would be persuasive, but not binding, upon a court.
Beyond the SEC Release and No-Action Letters, when it comes to legal analysis of the salient issues bearing on how securities law interacts with the offering of condo-hotels, nearly all of the analysis comes from developer-side attorneys seeking to advise their clients how to structure their projects so as to minimize the risk of coming under SEC scrutiny, or positing how local authorities can enact zoning regulations which lessen securities regulation hazards for condo-hotel developers.
Given the impending wave of condo-hotel litigation that we can surely expect in the coming months owing to buyers looking to recover their deposit monies (and paralleling the tsunami of “plain vanilla” condo buyer lawsuits), the perspective from developer-side attorneys will surely be helpful for predicting what twists and turns such litigation might take. But to get a true picture of what is on the horizon, it will be necessary to take a close and critical look at the relevant No-Action Letters as well as case law addressing the issue of what can constitute a security, generally speaking, in order to identify the pressure points which may exist for condo-hotel buyers (and their attorneys) to push in litigating rescission cases.
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Mr. Beck has a law degree from Harvard Law School, and practices law in the courts of South Florida. A significant portion of his practice is devoted to issues arising under condominium and other real estate purchase agreements, and maintains a blog at http://beckandlee.wordpress.com devoted to Florida legal issues, including issues involving Florida condo purchase agreements. He can be reached at 305-789-0072 or jared@beckandlee.com Article Source: |
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